PalmSens4 MultiPalmSens4	PalmSens3 (no longer available)	EmStat3 EmStat3 Blue MultiEmStat3 EmStat3 4WE EmStat3 MUX	EmStat3+ EmStat3+ Blue MultiEmStat3+
General
dc-potential range	±5 V or ±10 V	±5 V	±3 V	±4 V
compliance voltage	±10 V	±8 V	±5 V	±8 V
maximum current	±30 mA	±30 mA	±20 mA	±100 mA
Potentiostat (controlled potential mode)
applied dc-potential resolution	75 µV	150 µV	100 µV	125 µV
applied potential accuracy	≤ 0.1% < 1 mV offset	≤ 0.2 % < 2 mV offset	≤ 0.2 % < 2 mV offset	≤ 0.2 % < 3 mV offset
current ranges	100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)	100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)	1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)	1 nA to 100 mA (9 ranges)
current accuracy	≤ 0.1 % (FSR)	≤ 0.2 % (FSR)	≤ 0.5 % (FSR)	≤ 0.5 % (FSR)
measured current resolution	0.006% of current range (5 fA on 100 pA range)	0.01% of current range	0.1% of current range	0.1% of current range
max. scan rate	500 V/s with 10 mV step	500 V/s with 5 mV step	5 V/s with 5 mV step	5 V/s with 5 mV step
Galvanostat (controlled current mode)
current ranges	1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)	1 µA to 10 mA (5 ranges)	N/A	N/A
applied dc-current resolution	0.005 % of applied current range	0.01 % of applied current range	N/A	N/A
measured dc-potential resolution	75 μV at ±10 V 7.5 μV at ±1 V 0.75 μV at ±0.1 V	150 µV	100 µV	125 µV
FRA / EIS (impedance measurements)
frequency range	10 µHz to 100 kHz or 1 MHz	100 µHz to 50 kHz	N/A	N/A
ac-amplitude range	1 mV to 0.25 V (rms)	1 mV to 0.25 V (rms)	N/A	N/A
Electrometer
electrometer amplifier input	> 1 TΩ // 10 pF	> 100 Gohm // 4 pF	> 100 Gohm // 4 pF	> 100 Gohm // 4 pF
bandwidth	1 MHz	700 kHz	35 kHz	35 kHz
Other
internal Bluetooth		NO	(EmStat3 Blue)	(EmStat3+ Blue)
internal storage	8 GB	N/A	N/A	N/A

 

Which EmStat instrument is suitable for me?

EmStat is available as single channel potentiostat. The more advanced EmStat Blue is wireless by means of its integrated Bluetooth radio and battery and has an auxiliary port for connecting extensions.

EmStat is also available combined with a multiplexer, as a polypotentiostat, or as multichannel potentiostat. The differences between these types of devices is explained here.

The EmStat and multiplexer boards are also available as OEM potentiostat for implementing EmStats in your device, e.g. in an e-QCM or e-SPR instrument.