EmStat4X

High performance in a small footprint

  • Potential range ±3 V or ±6 V
  • Max. current ±30 mA or ±200 mA
  • Wireless control
  • Extendable with multiplexer
  • iR compensation
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical technique to measure the impedance of a system in dependence of the AC potentials frequency. With this option you can select the maximum AC frequency for EIS.
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Description

The EmStat4X delivers high performance in a small footprint. The EmStat4X is a small battery and USB-powered Potentiostat, Galvanostat, and optional Frequency Response Analyser (FRA) for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The EmStat4X Low Range (LR) version is great for applications that require measuring low currents down to picoamps, like (bio)sensor research. The High Range (HR) version is very suitable for applications that need a maximum current of up to 200 mA. The EmStat4X is controlled with PSTrace for Windows, or you can write your own MethodSCRIPT and control it from any platform or operating system.

 

The EmStat4X LR and HR features include:

  • Fast EIS support: for running fixed-frequency EIS measurements at a very low interval of around 1 ms.
  • Auxiliary Port: for connecting to a MUX8-R2 multiplexer, temperature sensor, pH sensor, stirrer control, triggering and more.
  • iR compensation: to compensate for the iR drop between the Reference electrode and the outside of the double layer of the electrochemical cell.
  • Wireless: for a wireless connection to a PC, smartphone or tablet
  • 11.1 Wh battery: for more than 8 hours of continuous measurements (typical with the LR).
  • Small borderless display: showing the state of the battery and connectivity.

Two versions

The EmStat4X comes in two different versions:

  • Low Range: for lower currents and potentials (±30 mA / ±3 V applied / ±5 V compliance)
  • High Range: for higher currents and potentials (±200 mA / ±6 V applied / ±8 V compliance)

Both versions can be configured with optional EIS/FRA up to 200 kHz.
See specifications for a detailed comparison between the LR and HR.

Always a backup

Always a backup

The EmStat4X is equipped with 500 MB internal storage memory for storing your measurements as a backup. All internally stored measurements can be browsed and transferred back to the PC easily using the PSTrace software for Windows. Your data is always with your instrument wherever you take it.

Standard included

A standard EmStat4X includes a rugged carrying case with:

  • EmStat4X LR or HR
  • USB-C cable
  • Cell cable: high quality, double-shielded cable with 2 mm banana connectors for Working, Counter, Reference electrode and Ground, 1 meter long
  • 4 or 5 crocodile clips
  • Dummy Cell

Also included:

  • PSTrace software for Windows (on USB drive)
  • Manual (hardcopy)
  • Quick Start (hardcopy)
  • Calibration report

Techniques

Voltammetric techniques

  • Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)
  • Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
  • Fast cyclic Voltammery (FCV)
  • AC Voltammetry (ACV)

Amperometric techniques

  • Chronoamperometry (CA)
  • Zero Resistance Amperometry (ZRA)
  • Chronocoulometry (CC)
  • MultiStep Amperometry (MA)
  • Fast Amperometry (FAM)
  • Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)

Galvanostatic techniques

  • Linear Sweep Potentiometry (LSP)
  • Chronopotentiometry (CP)
  • MultiStep Potentiometry (MP)
  • Open Circuit Potentiometry (OCP)

Pulsed techniques

  • Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
  • Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
  • Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV)

Other

  • Mixed Mode (MM)
  • Potentiostatic/Galvanostatic Impedance spectroscopy (EIS / GEIS)
    • Potential scan or current scan
    • Fixed potential or fixed current
    • Time scan
  • Fast EIS / GEIS
Stripping modes
The voltametric and pulsed techniques can all be used in their stripping modes which are applied for (ultra-) trace analysis.
Missing a technique? See cross-reference list

Specifications

The EmStat4X is available in two versions: the LR (Low Range) and HR (High Range) version.

Main differences between the EmStat4X Low and High Range
 
 

Potential range ±3 V ±6 V
Max.
compliance voltage
The compliance voltage is the maximum voltage that can be applied between the working and counter electrode. Another name could be the maximum cell potential. Continue reading
±5 V ±8 V
Current ranges 1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges) 100 nA to 100 mA (7 ranges)
Max. current ±30 mA ±200 mA
Electrode connections WE, RE, CE and ground,
2 mm banana plugs
WE, RE, CE, Sense, and ground,
2 mm banana plugs
General
  LR HR
dc-potential range
The maximum potential difference, that can be applied between WE and RE.
±3 V ±6 V
compliance voltage
The compliance voltage is the maximum voltage that can be applied between the working and counter electrode. Another name could be the maximum cell potential. Continue reading
±5 V ±8 V
maximum current ±30 mA ±200 mA
max. data acquisition rate 1 000 000 samples /s
control loop
bandwidth
The range of frequencies between which you can measure. Continue reading
(stability setting)
320 Hz, 3.2 kHz, 30 kHz or 570 kHz
current follower
bandwidth
The range of frequencies between which you can measure. Continue reading
23 Hz in 1 nA and 10 nA range
2.3 kHz in 100 nA and 1 uA range
230 kHz in 10 uA and 100 uA range
> 500 kHz in ranges 1 mA and higher
Potentiostat
  LR HR
applied potential resolution 100 µV 183 µV
applied potential accuracy
The applied potential accuracy describes how close to the real values your applied potential is.
≤ 0.2% ±1 mV offset
current ranges
A potentiostat measures current. For optimal precision, the range between which currents are measured is split into multiple current ranges. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. This means it will also determine the resolution, because the number of bits or rather states is fixed, while the current range is variable.
1 nA to 10 mA
8 ranges
100 nA to 100 mA
7 ranges
measured current resolution
The lowest observable difference between two values that a measurement device can differentiate between.
0.009% of CR (92 fA on 1 nA range) 0.009% of CR (9.2 pA on 100 nA range)
measured
current accuracy
The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is.

< 0.2% of current

±20 pA  ±0.2% of range

< 0.2% of current

±0.2% of range

Galvanostat
  LR HR
current ranges
A potentiostat measures current. For optimal precision, the range between which currents are measured is split into multiple current ranges. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. This means it will also determine the resolution, because the number of bits or rather states is fixed, while the current range is variable.

10 nA, 1 uA, 100 uA, 10 mA

4 ranges

1 uA, 100 uA, 10 mA, 100 mA

4 ranges

applied dc-current ±3 * CR (current range)
applied dc-current resolution 0.01% of CR 0.0183% of CR
applied dc-
current accuracy
The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is.

< 0.4% of current

±20 pA  ±0.2% of range

< 0.4% of current

±0.2% of range

potential ranges

50 mV, 100 mV, 200 mV, 500 mV, 1 V

measured dc-potential resolution

96 µV at ±3 V (1 V range)
48 µV at ±1.5 V (500 mV)
19.2 µV at ±0.6 V (200 mV)
9.6 µV at ±0.3 V (100 mV)
4.8 µV at ±0.150 V (50 mV)

193 µV at ±6 V (1 V range)
96.5 µV at ±3 V (500 mV)
38.5 µV at ±1.2 V (200 mV)
19.3 µV at ±0.6 V (100 mV)
9.65 µV at ±0.3 V (50 mV)

measured dc-potential accuracy ≤ 0.2% potential ±1 mV offset
FRA / EIS
  LR HR
frequency range 10 µHz to 200 kHz
ac-amplitude range

1 mV to 900 mV rms, or 2.5 V p-p

measured
current accuracy
The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is.
≤ 0.2% at Full Scale Range
GEIS
  LR HR
frequency range 10 µHz to 100 kHz
ac-amplitude range

0.9 * CR (Arms)

Electrometer
  LR HR
electrometer amplifier input
The amplifier input resistance of the amplifier in the electrometer determines the load that the amplifier places on the source of the signal being fed into it. Ideally the resistance is infinite, and the load to be zero to not to influence your measurement.
> 1 TΩ // 10 pF
bandwidth
The range of frequencies between which you can measure. Continue reading

500 kHz

iR compensation
method used for iR-drop compensation Positive Feedback
resolution of MDAC used for correcting potential

12-bit

Max. compensated resistance

1 MOhm

Other
  LR HR
electrode connections

WE, RE, CE,
and ground,
with 2 mm banana plugs

WE, RE, CE, S
and ground,
with 2 mm banana plugs

power consumption

Typical: 1W (idle)
Max: 1.6W (cell on at 30 mA)

Typical: 1.5W (idle)
1.6W (cell on at 10 mA)
Max: 4.6W (cell on at 200 mA)

battery

11.1 Wh capacity
80% charge in 2.5 hours, full charge in 3 hours

power source

USB-C or internal LiPo battery

communications

USB-C or Wireless

housing

aluminum body:
11.4 x 8.0 x 4.5 cm

weight

~500 g

internal storage space

500 MB, equivalent to > 15M datapoints

Auxiliary port (D-Sub 15)
analog input ±10 V, 16-bit
analog output 0-6 V, 12 bit
4 digital outputs 0-3.3 V
1 digital input 0-3.3 V
i-out and E-out raw output of current and potential
E-out ±5 V (LR) ±8 V (HR)
i-out ±3 V
power 5 V output (max. 300 mA)
EmStat4X LR EIS Accuracy Contour Plot

Note
The accuracy contour plots were determined with an ac-amplitude of ≤10 mV rms for all limits, except for the high impedance limit, which was determined using an ac-amplitude of 250 mV. The standard cables were used. Please note that the true limits of an impedance measurement are influenced by all components in the system, e.g. connections, the environment, and the cell.
EmStat4X HR EIS Accuracy Contour Plot

Note
The accuracy contour plots were determined with an ac-amplitude of ≤10 mV rms for all limits, except for the high impedance limit, which was determined using an ac-amplitude of 250 mV. The standard cables were used. Please note that the true limits of an impedance measurement are influenced by all components in the system, e.g. connections, the environment, and the cell.

Software

PSTrace

PSTrace for Windows provides support for all techniques and device functionalities. With a smooth simple interface, showing only the applicable controls, PSTrace is suitable for all levels of user experience. Functions include:

  • Direct validation of method parameters
  • Equivalent Circuit Fitting
  • Automated peak search
  • Scripting for running an automated sequence of measurements
  • Open data in Origin and Excel with one click of a button
  • Load data from EmStat4 internal storage
More information about PSTrace
PSTrace Method Editor

Software Development Kits

The PalmSens Software Development Kits (SDKs) for .NET can be used with any of our instruments or OEM potentiostat modules to develop your own software. The SDK’s come with a set of examples that shows how to use the libraries.

PalmSens SDKs with examples are available for the following .NET Frameworks:

  • WinForms
  • WPF
  • Xamarin (for Android)
More information about SDKs for .NET

MethodSCRIPT™ communications protocol

The EmStat4 potentiostat module has an on-board parser for the MethodSCRIPT scripting language. This language allows developers to program a human-readable script for the EmStat4 module on any platform or operating system. The simple script language allows for running electrochemical techniques supported by EmStat4 and makes it easy to combine different measurements and other tasks.

MethodSCRIPT

Downloads

Name Type Last updated
PSTrace PC software for all single channel instruments PSTrace software is shipped as standard with all single channel and multiplexed instruments. The software provides support for all techniques and device functionalities. Software 08-07-24
EmStat4X Brochure Documentation 25-04-24
MethodSCRIPT v1.5 The MethodSCRIPT scripting language is designed to improve the flexibility of the PalmSens potentiostat and galvanostat devices for OEM users. It allows users to start measurements with arguments that are similar to the arguments in PSTrace. PalmSens provides libraries and examples for handling low level communication and generating scripts for MethodSCRIPT devices such as the EmStat Pico and EmStat4. Documentation 25-03-24
EmStat4M Communication Protocol V1.3 Describes how to communicate with the EmStat4M directly and how to send MethodSCRIPTS. Documentation 25-03-24
EmStat4X Operators Manual Learn how to connect the instrument, understand the specifications, use the features and troubleshoot if needed. Documentation 13-03-24
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