MultiPalmSens4

Multi-channel Potentiostat / Galvanostat / Impedance Analyzer

  • 4 to 10 channels available in different configurations
  • FRA / EIS: 10 μHz up to  1 MHz
  • 9 current ranges: 100 pA to 10 mA
  • potential range: ±5 V or  ±10 V
*
You'll usually get an answer to your quotation request within one business day.

Description

The MultiPalmSens4 is a flexible multi-channel potentiostat, galvanostat and impedance analyzer which you can fully tailor to your requirements and budget. The MultiTrace software allows for using each channel individually or simultaneously or running a sequence of automated tasks on each channel. Each channel provides an additional auxiliary port for controlling peripherals or monitoring temperature or other analog signals.

Configure your ideal multi-channel potentiostat

Each channel can be configured with:

  • ±5 V or ±10 V maximum potential range
  • EIS/FRA with maximum frequency of 100 kHz or 1 MHz
  • Bipotentiostat module for second WE
  • iR-Compensation
  • Galvanic isolation

Always a backup

Every channel of the MultiPalmSens4 is equipped with 8 GB storage space. This means all your measurements* can automatically be saved on-board as backup.
Measurements can be browsed and transferred to the PC easily using the MultiTrace software for Windows.
* Not supported for on-device backup: EIS, MultiStep and MixedMode

Synchronizing channels in Synched mode

By enabling synchronization of channels and adjusting the setup of your cables, you can use the MultiPalmSens4 as a polypotentiostat. This means you can use multiple working electrodes, one counter and one reference electrode in the same cell at the same time. Your working electrodes all perform the same measurement.

 

Techniques

Voltammetric techniques

Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)
In Linear Sweep Voltammetry a potential scan is performed from the begin potential, to the end potential. The voltage during the scan increases with small potential steps. Continue reading
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
Cyclic voltammetry is a known method of demonstrating the presence of a substance in a given liquid by drawing a graph with a characteristic wavy line. Continue reading
Fast Cyclic Voltammetry (FCV)
Fast Cyclic Voltammetry is cyclic voltammetry with a very high scan rate up to 1 V per microsecond. Continue reading
AC Voltammetry (ACV)
In AC Voltammetry a potential scan is made with a superimposed sine wave which has a relatively small amplitude of 5 ~ 10 mV and a frequency of 10 to 250 Hz. Continue reading

Pulsed techniques

Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
In Differential Pulse Voltammetry a potential scan is made using pulses with a constant amplitude of E pulse superimposed on the dc-potential. Continue reading
Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
Square Wave Voltammetry is a special version of Differential Pulse Voltammetry is, where the pulse time is equal to half the interval time. Continue reading
Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV)
In Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV) a potential scan is made by making constantly larger potential steps of pulse. Continue reading

Amperometric techniques

Chronoamperometry (CA)
The instrument applies a constant dc-potential and the current is measured with constant interval times. Continue reading
Zero Resistance Amperometry (ZRA)
A ZRA measures the current flowing through it without adding any resistance. This means the current is measured without the ZRA influencing the current. Continue reading
Chronocoulometry (CC)
Chronocoulometry is an electrochemical technique during which a potential is set. Continue reading
MultiStep Amperometry (MA)
MultiStep Amperometry (MA) is an electrochemical technique which simply allows the user to specify the number of potential steps they want to apply and how long each step should last. Continue reading
Fast Amperometry (FAM)
Fast Amperometry (FAM) is a form of amperometric detection with very high sampling rates or respectively very short interval times. Continue reading
Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)
With Pulsed Amperometric Detection a series of pulses (pulse profile) is periodically repeated. Pulsed Amperometric Detection can be used when higher sensitivity is required. Continue reading
Multiple-Pulse Amperometric Detection (MPAD)
Multiple-Pulse Amperometric Detection (MPAD) is an electrochemical technique that can be used when higher sensitivity is required. Using pulses instead of constant potential might result in higher faradaic currents Continue reading

Potentiometric techniques

Linear Sweep Potentiometry (LSP)
With Linear Sweep Potentiometry, a current scan is performed from the begin current to the end current. Continue reading
Chronopotentiometry (CP)
Chronopotentiometry (CP)is an electrochemical technique in which a controlled current, usually a constant current, is caused to flow between two electrodes; the potential of one electrode is monitored as a function of time with respect to a suitable reference electrode. Continue reading
MultiStep Potentiometry (MSP)
MultiStep Potentiometry allows the user to specify the number of current steps they want to apply and how long each step should last. The potential response is continuously sampled with the specified interval. Continue reading
Open Circuit Potentiometry (OCP)
Open Circuit Potential (OCP) is the potential where no current is flowing, because the circuit is open. Continue reading
Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP / PSA)
Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP / PSA) starts with a deposition stage at the deposition potential. After this stage, the potential versus time is recorded. In this stage, the potentiostat is switched off and the measurement starts. Continue reading

Impedimetric techniques

Potentiostatic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
(PEIS)
During a conventional EIS (PEIS) a potential sine wave is applied and the resulting current is measured. Continue reading
Galvanostatic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
(GEIS)
During GEIS a current sine wave is applied and the resulting potential is measured. Continue reading
DC-potential sweep
The Impedance is measured at a fixed frequency, varying the DC-potential (also called DC-Bias or DC-level). This setup is the same as for Mott-Schottky, but currently our software doesn't support data plotting as required for Mott-Schottky.
EIS time scan

Other

Mixed Mode (MM)
Mixed Mode is a flexible technique that allows for switching between potentiostatic, galvanostatic, and open circuit measurements during a single run. Continue reading
BiPotentiostat techniques
Refer to our BiPotentiostat article to check which techniques are available when using BiPotentiostat mode. Continue reading
Missing a technique? See cross-reference list

Specifications

For each channel:

General
configuration PS4.F#.05 PS4.F#.10
dc-potential range
The maximum potential difference, that can be applied between WE and RE.
±5 V  ±10 V
compliance voltage
The compliance voltage is the maximum voltage that can be applied between the working and counter electrode. Another name could be the maximum cell potential. Continue reading
±10 V
maximum current ±30 mA (typical)
max. acquisition rate 150,000 data points/s
Potentiostat (controlled potential mode)
applied dc-potential resolution
The lowest observable difference between two values that a measurement device can differentiate between.
76.3 µV
applied potential accuracy
The applied potential accuracy describes how close to the real values your applied potential is.
≤ 0.1% ±1 mV offset
current ranges
A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. Continue reading
100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)
current accuracy
The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is. Continue reading
< 0.2% of current
±10 pA ±0.1% of range
measured current resolution
The lowest observable difference between two values that a measurement device can differentiate between. Continue reading

0.005 % of current range

(

18-bit
An 18 bit input can measure in 2^18 or roughly 262 thousand different steps. If you measure for example an analog voltage that can go from 0 to 5V, the accuracy is 5 divided by 262k, resulting in resolution of 20 uV. Continue reading
5 fA on 100 pA range)

0.0025% of 10 mA range

Galvanostat (controlled current mode)
current ranges
A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. Continue reading
1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)
applied dc-current ±6 times applied current range
applied dc-current resolution 0.0076% of applied current range (<10 mA)
0.0038% of 10 mA range
applied dc-
current accuracy
The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is. Continue reading
< 0.2% of current
±10 pA ±0.1% of range
potential ranges 10 mV, 100 mV, 1 V
measured dc-potential resolution 78.13 μV at ±10 V
7.813 μV at ±1 V
0.7813 μV at ±0.1 V
measured dc-potential accuracy ≤ 0.05% or ±1 mV (for |E| < ±9 V)
≤ 0.2% (for |E| ≥ ±9 V)
FRA / EIS (impedance measurements)
 Configuration PS4.F1.## PS4.F2.##
frequency range 10 μHz to 100 kHz 10 μHz to 1 MHz
ac-amplitude range 1 mV to 0.25 V rms, or 0.7 V p-p
GEIS (galvanostatic impedance measurements)
frequency range 10 μHz to 100 kHz
ac-amplitude range 0.001 x
CR
CR is the acronym we use for Current Range. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. Continue reading
to 0.4 x
CR
CR is the acronym we use for Current Range. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. Continue reading
(<10 mA)
0.001 x
CR
CR is the acronym we use for Current Range. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. Continue reading
to 0.2 x
CR
CR is the acronym we use for Current Range. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. Continue reading
(10 mA)
(
CR
CR is the acronym we use for Current Range. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. Continue reading
= current range)
Electrometer
electrometer amplifier input
The amplifier input resistance of the amplifier in the electrometer determines the load that the amplifier places on the source of the signal being fed into it. Ideally the resistance is infinite, and the load to be zero to not to influence your measurement.
> 1 TΩ // 10 pF
bandwidth
Bandwidth defines the range of frequencies a system can accurately measure or respond to. Continue reading
1 MHz
Other
housing  15 x 25 x 25 cm
weight +/- 4 kg
temperature range 0 ºC to + 50 ºC
power supply External 12V AC/DC adapter
communication USB
internal storage space 8 GB per channel
or +/- 800000 measurements incl. method info (assuming 200 data points per measurement)
Auxiliary port (D-Sub 15)
analog input ±10 V, 18 bit
analog output 0-10 V, 12 bit (1 kOhm output impedance)
4 digital outputs 0-5 V
1 digital input 0-5 V
i-out and E-out raw output of current and potential
E-out ±10 V (1 kOhm output impedance)
i-out ±6 V (1 kOhm output impedance)
power 5 V output (max. 150 mA)
EIS Accuracy Contour Plot
Channels:
Region:
 ALLCH1CH2CH3CH4CH5CH6CH7CH8CH9CH10
Potential Range
Max. freq. for EIS
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical technique to measure the impedance continue reading
BiPot
Get an additional Working Electrode and make a BiPotentiostat of your instrument. continue reading
IR-compensation
Compensate for the voltage drop between the RE and the outside of the electrochemical cell continue reading
Galvanically isolated

Software

MultiTrace for Windows

The MultiPalmSens4 comes with MultiTrace for Windows. MultiTrace allows the instrument to be controlled in two different modes: Individual and Simultaneous channel control mode.

Individual mode

The individual mode gives an overview of all channels. Each channel can be selected separately and can run a measurement independently in parallel with other channels. You can also run a script for a sequence of measurements and other actions on each channel. 

Simultaneous mode

In the Simultaneous Mode the MultiPalmSens4 works with all channels running the same measurement in parallel at the same time. There is only one active method in the Method Editor which is started on all selected channels simultaneously upon start. All results are presented as overlays in the same plot.

 

More information about MultiTrace

Software Development Kits

PalmSens provides several Software Development Kits (SDKs) to help developers create custom software to control their potentiostat. Each SDK comes with documentation and examples that shows how to use the libraries.

SDKs are available for:

  • .NET (WinForms, WPF and Xamarin for Android)
  • Python
  • LabVIEW
  • Matlab
More information about SDKs for .NET

Downloads

Documentation (1)

Name Last updated
MultiPalmSens4 Brochure A detailed description of the MultiPalmSens4 multi-channel potentiostat. 22-01-25

Application Note (4)

Name Last updated
Multichannel, polypotentiostat or multiplexer This will help you to choose the ideal multi-channel instrument for your application. 22-01-25
Multi-Channel: Multiple Working Electrodes in the Same Cell Learn how to use a multi-channel potentiostat as a polypotentiostat, so you can use multiple working electrodes in the same cell sharing one reference and counter electrode. 19-01-22
Potentiostatic and Galvanostatic EIS What is GEIS? When to use GEIS or PEIS? 14-12-20
Galvanic Isolation In this application note the galvanic isolation options are discussed for the different PalmSens instruments as well as the effect of galvanic isolation on your measurement. 08-04-20

Software (1)

Name Last updated
MultiTrace – PC Software for all Multi-channel instruments The MultiTrace software controls the individual channels of our multi-channel instruments. You can also combine multiple single-channel instruments. 17-03-22
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