PalmSens4

Compact, versatile and powerful

(Bi)Potentiostat / Galvanostat / Impedance Analyzer
FRA / EIS: 10 μHz up to 1 MHz
9 current ranges: 100 pA to 10 mA
18-bit resolution
Bluetooth or USB connection

EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is an electrochemical technique to measure the impedance of a system in dependence of the AC potentials frequency. With this option you can select the maximum AC frequency for EIS.
Dc-potential range
Add Bipotentiostat Get an additional Working Electrode and make a BiPotentiostat of your instrument. continue reading
Add iR-compensation Compensate for the voltage drop between the RE and the outside of the electrochemical cell continue reading	Clear

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Description
Accessories
Techniques
Specifications
Software
Downloads

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Description

Our flagship instrument, the PalmSens4, is a USB and battery powered Potentiostat, Galvanostat, and optional a Frequency Response Analyser (FRA) for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The PalmSens4 has a large potential range (-5V to 5V or -10V to 10V) and current range (100 pA to 10 mA) with a high resolution and low noise. The economical PalmSens4 is a complete laboratory instrument but its compact and rugged design makes it also ideal for field work. Connecting via Bluetooth guarantees a perfectly floating measurement.

Configurable

PalmSens4 comes in different configurations:

±5 V or ±10 V potential range
EIS/FRA with maximum frequency of 100 kHz or 1 MHz
optional BiPotentiostat module for second WE
optional iR-Compensation

Standard included

Rugged carrying case
High quality, double shielded cell cable with
2 mm banana connectors for Working, Counter, Reference electrode and Ground
Crocodile clips

Dummy cell
USB cable
Manual and Quick Start document
PSTrace software for Windows

Always a backup

Every PalmSens4 is equipped with an internal storage of 8 GB. This means all your measurements^* can automatically be saved on-board as backup.
Measurements can be browsed and transferred to the PC easily using the PSTrace software for Windows.

* Not supported for on-device backup: EIS, MultiStep and MixedMode

Accessories

Accessories for PalmSens4

Techniques

Voltammetric techniques

Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
Fast Cyclic Voltammetry (FCV)
AC Voltammetry (ACV)

Pulsed techniques

Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV)

Stripping modes

The voltametric and pulsed techniques can all be used in their stripping modes which are applied for (ultra-) trace analysis.

Galvanostatic techniques

Linear Sweep Potentiometry (LSP)
Chronopotentiometry (CP)
MultiStep Potentiometry (MP)
Open Circuit Potentiometry (OCP)
Stripping Chronopotentiometry (SCP or PSA)

Amperometric techniques

Chronoamperometry (CA)
Zero Resistance Amperometry (ZRA)
Chronocoulometry (CC)
MultiStep Amperometry (MA)
Fast Amperometry (FAM)
Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)
Multiple-Pulse Amperometric Detection (MPAD)

Other

Mixed Mode (MM)

Potentiostatic/Galvanostatic Impedance spectroscopy (EIS/GEIS)

Potential scan (IMPE) or current scan
Fixed potential or fixed current
Time scan (IMPT)

Missing a technique? See cross-reference list

Specifications

General
configuration	PS4.F#.05	PS4.F#.10
dc-potential range The maximum potential difference, that can be applied between WE and RE.	±5 V	±10 V
compliance voltage The compliance voltage is the maximum voltage that can be applied between the working and counter electrode. Another name could be the maximum cell potential. Continue reading	±10 V
maximum current	±30 mA (typical)

Potentiostat (controlled potential mode)
applied dc-potential resolution The lowest observable difference between two values that a measurement device can differentiate between.	76.3 µV ( 18-bit An 18 bit input can measure in 2^18 or roughly 262 thousand different steps. If you measure for example an analog voltage that can go from 0 to 5V, the accuracy is 5 divided by 262k, resulting in resolution of 20 uV. Continue reading )
applied potential accuracy The applied potential accuracy describes how close to the real values your applied potential is.	≤0.1% ±1 mV offset
current ranges A potentiostat measures current. For optimal precision, the range between which currents are measured is split into multiple current ranges. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. This means it will also determine the resolution, because the number of bits or rather states is fixed, while the current range is variable.	100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)
current accuracy The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is.	< 0.2% of current ±10 pA ±0.1% of range
measured current resolution The lowest observable difference between two values that a measurement device can differentiate between.	0.005 % of current range ( 18-bit An 18 bit input can measure in 2^18 or roughly 262 thousand different steps. If you measure for example an analog voltage that can go from 0 to 5V, the accuracy is 5 divided by 262k, resulting in resolution of 20 uV. Continue reading , 5 fA on 100 pA range) 0.0025% of 10 mA range

Galvanostat (controlled current mode)
current ranges A potentiostat measures current. For optimal precision, the range between which currents are measured is split into multiple current ranges. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. This means it will also determine the resolution, because the number of bits or rather states is fixed, while the current range is variable.	1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)
applied dc-current	±6 times applied current range
applied dc-current resolution	0.0076% of applied current range (<10 mA) 0.0038% of 10 mA range
applied dc- current accuracy The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is.	< 0.2% of current ±10 pA ±0.1% of range
potential ranges	10 mV, 100 mV, 1 V
measured dc-potential resolution	78.13 μV at ±10 V 7.813 μV at ±1 V 0.7813 μV at ±0.1 V
measured dc-potential accuracy	≤ 0.05% or ±1 mV (for \|E\| < ±9 V) ≤ 0.2% (for \|E\| ≥ ±9 V)

FRA / EIS (impedance measurements)
Configuration	PS4.F0.##	PS4.F1.##
frequency range	10 μHz to 100 kHz	10 μHz to 1 MHz
ac-amplitude range	1 mV to 0.25 V rms, or 0.7 V p-p

GEIS (galvanostatic impedance measurements)
frequency range	10 μHz to 100 kHz
ac-amplitude range	0.001 x CR to 0.4 x CR (<10 mA) 0.001 x CR to 0.2 x CR (10 mA) (CR = current range)

Optional: Bipotentiostat
dc-potential range The maximum potential difference, that can be applied between WE and RE.	± 5 V
dc-potential resolution	153 µV (16-bit)
dc-offset error	≤ 0.1%, ± 1 mV offset
accuracy	≤ 0.1 %
current ranges A potentiostat measures current. For optimal precision, the range between which currents are measured is split into multiple current ranges. A current range defines the maximum current a potentiostat can measure in a certain range. This means it will also determine the resolution, because the number of bits or rather states is fixed, while the current range is variable.	100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)
maximum measured current	i(WE1) + i(WE2) < 30 mA
current resolution	0.005% of current range (5 fA on 100 pA range) 0.0025% of 10 mA range
current accuracy The current accuracy describes how close to the real values your measured current is.	≤ 0.1% at Full Scale Range all with additional 0.2% of offset error
connection	Comes with a sensor cable with an additional (yellow) connector for WE2
power	Comes with additional USB Y-cable for extra power

Electrometer
electrometer amplifier input The amplifier input resistance of the amplifier in the electrometer determines the load that the amplifier places on the source of the signal being fed into it. Ideally the resistance is infinite, and the load to be zero to not to influence your measurement.	> 1 TΩ // 10 pF
bandwidth	1 MHz

Other
housing	aluminium with rubber sleeve: 15.7 x 9.7 x 3.5 cm
weight	+/- 500 g
temperature range	0 ºC to + 50 ºC
power supply	USB or internal LiPo battery
communication	USB and Bluetooth (Dual Mode)
battery time	> 16 hours idle time > 4 hours with cell on at max. current extendable by means of power bank
internal storage space	8 GB or +/- 800000 measurements incl. method info (assuming 200 data points per measurement)

Auxiliary port (D-Sub 15)
analog input	±10 V, 18-bit An 18 bit input can measure in 2^18 or roughly 262 thousand different steps. If you measure for example an analog voltage that can go from 0 to 5V, the accuracy is 5 divided by 262k, resulting in resolution of 20 uV. Continue reading
analog output	0-10 V, 12 bit (1 kOhm output impedance)
4 digital outputs	0-5 V
1 digital input	0-5 V
i-out and E-out	raw output of current and potential E-out ±10 V (1 kOhm output impedance) i-out ±6 V (1 kOhm output impedance)
power	5 V output (max. 150 mA)

EIS Accuracy Contour Plot

PSTrace

PSTrace is designed to be productive immediately after installation, without going through a long learning period. It has three modes; the Scientific mode which allows you to run all the techniques our instruments have to offer, and two dedicated modes for Corrosion analysis and the Analytical Mode. PSTrace is suitable for all levels of user experience.

Features include:

Direct validation of method parameters
Automated peak search
Equivalent Circuit Fitting
Scripting for running an automated sequence of measurements
Open data in Origin and Excel with one click of a button
Load data from the instrument’s internal storage
and many more…

More information about PSTrace

PStouch

PStouch is an app for Android devices compatible with all PalmSens, EmStat and Sensit potentiostats. The app connects to your potentiostat via USB (depending on the Android device) or via Bluetooth.

PStouch features include:

Setting up and running measurements
All files compatible with PSTrace
Analysing and manipulating peaks
Sharing data directly via e-mail, Dropbox, or any other file sharing service

More information about PStouch

Software Development Kits

PalmSens provides several Software Development Kits (SDKs) to help developers create custom software to control their potentiostat. Each SDK comes with documentation and examples that shows how to use the libraries.

SDKs are available for:

.NET (WinForms, WPF and Xamarin for Android)
Python
LabVIEW
Matlab

More information about our SDKs

Downloads
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Documentation (4)

	Name	Last updated
	PalmSens4 Brochure PalmSens4 Brochure	10-03-25
	PalmSens4 Operator’s Manual Learn how to connect the instrument, understand the specifications, use the features and troubleshoot if needed.	13-03-24
	PalmSens4 IR Compensation Module – Brochure This document describes the IR Compensation Module for PalmSens4. The module is available as an in-factory add-on module and provides positive feedback to compensate for the IR drop between the Reference electrode and the outside of the double layer of the electrochemical cell.	09-09-22
	PalmSens4 BiPot – Brochure For using an additional working electrode with your PalmSens4 to make it an BiPotentiostat.	09-09-22

Software (1)

	Name	Last updated
	PSTrace PC software for all single channel instruments PSTrace software is shipped as standard with all single channel and multiplexed instruments. The software provides support for all techniques and device functionalities.	08-07-24

Application Note (4)

	Name	Last updated
	Potentiostatic and Galvanostatic EIS What is GEIS? When to use GEIS or PEIS?	14-12-20
	PalmSens4 Connecting via Bluetooth This document shows how to connect the PalmSens4 via Bluetooth to PSTrace (for Windows) or PStouch (for Android)	08-04-20
	PalmSens4 example calibration report PalmSens4 example calibration report	08-04-20
	Galvanic Isolation In this application note the galvanic isolation options are discussed for the different PalmSens instruments as well as the effect of galvanic isolation on your measurement.	08-04-20

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PalmSens4

Compact, versatile and powerful