Our flagship instrument, the PalmSens4, is a USB and battery powered Potentiostat, Galvanostat, and optional a Frequency Response Analyser (FRA) for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The PalmSens4 has a large potential range (-5V to 5V or -10V to 10V) and current range (100 pA to 10 mA) with a high resolution and low noise. The economical PalmSens4 is a complete laboratory instrument but its compact and rugged design makes it also ideal for field work.
Available Configurations
The PalmSens4 is available with ±5V or ±10V DC-potential ranges and with different maximum frequencies for FRA / EIS. The following table shows the applicable product codes:
DC-Potential Range of ±5V
[05]
DC-Potential Range of ±10V
[10]
NO EIS [F0]
PS4.F0.05
PS4.F0.10
EIS up to 100 kHz [F1]
PS4.F1.05
PS4.F1.10
EIS up to 1 MHz [F2]
PS4.F2.05
PS4.F2.10
Standard included with a PalmSens4:
Rugged carrying case
High quality, double shielded cell cable with
2 mm banana connectors for Working, Counter, Reference electrode and Ground
Crocodile clips
Dummy cell
USB cable
PSTrace software for Windows
Techniques
Voltammetric techniques:
Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV)
Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV)
AC Voltammetry (ACV)
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)
These methods can all be used in their stripping modes which are applied for (ultra-) trace analysis.
Stripping chronopotentiometry (PSA or SCP)
Technique as a function of time:
Chronoamperometry (CA)
Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)
Multiple Pulse Amperometry (MPAD)
Fast amperometry (FAM)
Chronopotentiometry (CP)
Open Circuit Potentiometry (OCP)
Multistep Amperometry (MA)
Multistep Potentiometry (MP)
Mixed Mode (MM)
Impedance spectroscopy / EIS:
Potential scan
Time scan
Scans can be made at a fixed frequency or with a frequency scan.
Fixed potential
Measurement Specifications
General pretreatment:
Apply conditioning, deposition or initial potential for: 0 – 1600 s
General voltammetric parameters:
PS4 Model
PS4.F1.05
PS4.F2.05
PS4.F0.10
PS4.F1.10
PS4.F2.10
Potential range:
-5 V to +5 V
-10 V to +10 V
Step potential:
0.075 mV to 250 mV
0.075 mV to 250 mV
Pulse potential:
0.075 mV to 250 mV
0.075 mV to 250 mV
Limits of some technique specific parameters for PalmSens4:
Technique
Parameter
Limit
Normal Pulse and
Differential Pulse Voltammetry:
Scan rate:
Pulse time:
0.1 mV/s (75 µV step) to
100 mV/s (5 mV step)10 ms to 300 ms
Square Wave Voltammetry1 and AC Voltammetry:
Frequency:
1 Hz to 2000 Hz 1
Linear Sweep and
Cyclic Voltammetry:
Scan rate:
0.01 mV/s (75 µV step) to
500 V/s (10 mV step)
ChronoAmperometry :
Interval time:
Max. run time:
0.25 ms to 300 s
1000000 s (> 10 days at 16 s interval)
Pulsed Amperometric Detection:
Interval time:
Pulse time:
Max. run time:
50 ms to 300 s
1 ms to 1 s
640000 s (> 7 days at 10 s interval)
Multiple Pulse Amperometric Detection:
Pulse times:
Run time:
E levels:
100 ms to 2 s
10 s to 100000 s
3
Fast Amperometry:
Interval time:
Max. run time:
Max. points: .
0.02 ms to 1 s
30 s
65000 (4000 for interval time < 0.2 ms)
ChronoPotentiometry and
Open Circuit Potentiometry:
Interval time:
Max. run time:
0.25 ms to 300 s
1000000 s (> 10 days at 300 s interval)
Multistep Amperometry
Multistep Potentiometry and Mixed Mode:
Interval time:
Level switching overhead time:
Number of levels:
Number of cycles:
Max. run time:
0.25 ms to 300 s .
±80 ms
1 to 255
1 to 20000
> 1 year
Note: some limits of parameters are set for practical reasons and can be modified on request.
1 PSTrace provides the option to measure forward and reverse currents separately.
Specifications
General
dc-potential range
± 10 V (or ± 5 V)
compliance voltage
± 10V
maximum current
± 30 mA (typical)
max. acquisition rate
150,000 data points/s
Potentiostat (controlled potential mode)
applied dc-potential resolution
75 µV
applied potential accuracy
≤ 0.1% ± 1 mV offset
current ranges
100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)
current accuracy
≤ 0.1 % (at Full Scale Range)
measured current resolution
0.006 % of current range (5 fA on 100 pA range)
Galvanostat (controlled current mode)
current ranges
1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)
applied dc-current range
± 6 times applied current range
applied dc-current resolution
0.005 % of applied current range
measured dc-potential accuracy
75 μV at ± 10 V
7.5 μV at ± 1 V
0.75 μV at ± 0.1 V
FRA / EIS (impedance measurements)
frequency range
10 μHz to 1 MHz (or 10 μHz to 100 kHz)
ac-amplitude range
1 mV to 0.25 V rms, or 0.6 V p-p
Electrometer
electrometer amplifier input
> 1 TΩ // 10 pF
bandwidth
1 MHz
Other
housing
aluminium with rubber sleeve: 15.7 x 9.7 x 3.5 cm3
weight
500 g
temperature range
0 ºC to + 50 ºC
power supply
USB or internal LiPo battery
communication
USB and Bluetooth
battery time
> 16 hours idle time
> 4 hours with cell on at max. current
Extendable by means of power bank
internal storage space
8 GB
or +/- 800000 measurements incl. method info (assuming 200 data points per measurement)
Auxiliary port (D-Sub 15)
analog input
± 10 V, 18 bit
analog output
0-10 V, 12 bit (1 kOhm output impedance)
4 digital outputs
0-3.3 V
1 digital input
0-3.3 V (5 V tolerant)
I-out and E-out
raw output of current and potential
E-out ± 10 V (1 kOhm output impedance)
I-out ± 6 V (1 kOhm output impedance)
power
5 V output (max. 150 mA)
The current is measured using a zero resistance ammeter (ZRA).
EIS Contour Accuracy Plot
Extensions
Main extensions for PalmSens4:
Multiplexer for using up to 8 or 16 cells with one potentiostat
Differential Electrometer Amplifier (DEA) for use as floating voltage amplifier with differential input and single output for measuring an auxiliary signal between -5 to +5 V or -10 to +10 V.
